Showing posts with label HP GK. Show all posts
Showing posts with label HP GK. Show all posts

Sunday, 26 November 2023

World current affairs 100 questions and answers

 

World current affairs 100 questions and answers

 

1. Which country recently hosted the COP26 climate summit?

Answer: United Kingdom (Glasgow)

 

2. Who is the current Secretary-General of the United Nations?

Answer: António Guterres

 

3. Which global organization is responsible for coordinating international health efforts, particularly during pandemics?

Answer: World Health Organization (WHO)

 

4. Which nation recently became the first to achieve a successful helicopter flight on Mars?

Answer: United States (NASA's Ingenuity on Mars)

 

5. Identify the African country where the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam, causing regional tensions, is being constructed.

Answer: Ethiopia

 

6. Which Asian country recently faced protests and political turmoil following a military coup?

Answer: Myanmar

 

7. Name the international effort to ensure fair distribution of COVID-19 vaccines globally.

Answer: COVAX (COVID-19 Vaccines Global Access)

 

8. Which Middle Eastern country signed the Abraham Accords, normalizing relations with Israel in 2020?

Answer: United Arab Emirates (UAE)

 

9. Identify the European city where the EU's headquarters are located.

Answer: Brussels, Belgium

 

10. Which South American country recently experienced social and political unrest leading to protests known as the "Paro Nacional"?

Answer: Colombia

 

11. Which Asian country recently faced a military coup, resulting in the arrest of political leaders including Aung San Suu Kyi?

Answer: Myanmar

 

12. Name the European country where the Nord Stream 2 pipeline has been a source of geopolitical tensions.

Answer: Germany

 

13. Which global initiative aims to achieve net-zero carbon emissions by the year 2050?

Answer: Paris Agreement

 

14. Identify the Latin American country where protests erupted over inequality and government policies, leading to significant social unrest.

Answer: Chile

 

15. Who is the current President of the United States?

Answer: Joe Biden

 

16. Which African country recently faced political turmoil and protests following the arrest of former President Jacob Zuma?

Answer: South Africa

 

17. Name the Southeast Asian country where pro-democracy activists have been protesting against the military junta.

Answer: Thailand

 

18. Which Middle Eastern country recently signed a peace agreement with Israel known as the Abraham Accords?

Answer: Bahrain

 

19. Identify the international space station where astronauts from different countries collaborate in space exploration.

Answer: International Space Station (ISS)

 

20. Which global organization is responsible for coordinating efforts to combat climate change and hosted the COP26 summit in 2021?

Answer: United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)

 

21. Which country recently launched the "Artemis" program aiming to return humans to the Moon?

Answer: United States

 

22. Name the international organization that coordinates efforts to provide humanitarian aid and support to refugees globally.

Answer: United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR)

 

23. Identify the country where the G7 Summit 2021 took place.

Answer: United Kingdom

 

24. Which nation recently faced widespread protests after the disputed presidential election results, leading to the exile of opposition leader Svetlana Tikhanovskaya?

Answer: Belarus

 

25. Name the Asian country where the controversial Hong Kong National Security Law has sparked international concern.

Answer: China

 

26. Identify the African organization working towards economic integration and development on the continent.

Answer: African Union (AU)

 

27. Which international body is responsible for coordinating global efforts to combat the COVID-19 pandemic?

Answer: World Health Organization (WHO)

 

28. Name the European country where the "Yellow Vest" protests began, initially sparked by fuel price increases.

Answer: France

 

29. Identify the Latin American country where protests erupted in response to proposed tax reforms.

Answer: Colombia

 

30. Which global alliance, founded in 1949, aims to ensure the collective defense of its member states?

Answer: North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)

 

31. Which South American country recently held a presidential election, resulting in the victory of Pedro Castillo?

Answer: Peru

 

32. Identify the Eastern European country that faced mass protests against the government's decision to restrict abortion rights.

Answer: Poland

 

33. Name the international organization responsible for coordinating efforts to eradicate poverty and promote sustainable development globally.

Answer: United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)

 

34. Which Middle Eastern country recently signed the Abraham Accords, normalizing relations with Israel alongside the UAE and Bahrain?

Answer: Sudan

 

35. Identify the European country where the Nord Stream 2 pipeline has been a subject of geopolitical tensions.

Answer: Germany

 

36. Name the Asian country where the ongoing conflict in Tigray has led to a humanitarian crisis and displacement.

Answer: Ethiopia

 

37. Which international organization is dedicated to the peaceful use of nuclear energy and preventing its use for any military purpose?

Answer: International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)

 

38. Identify the Latin American country where widespread protests occurred in 2019, triggered by concerns about inequality and government policies.

Answer: Chile

 

39. Name the Southeast Asian country where the military staged a coup in February 2021, leading to widespread protests.

Answer: Myanmar

 

40. Which global economic forum is known for its annual meeting in Davos, Switzerland, bringing together political and business leaders?

Answer: World Economic Forum (WEF)

 

41. Which international space agency successfully landed the Perseverance rover on Mars in 2021?

Answer: NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration)

 

42. Identify the African country where the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam has been a source of regional tension regarding water resources.

Answer: Ethiopia

 

43. Name the Caribbean island where a volcanic eruption occurred in 2021, leading to evacuations and regional concerns.

Answer: Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

 

44. Which Asian country recently faced a military coup, leading to widespread protests and international condemnation?

Answer: Myanmar

 

45. Identify the European country where the Brexit transition period officially ended on December 31, 2020.

Answer: United Kingdom

 

46. Name the global initiative focused on developing and distributing COVID-19 vaccines equitably worldwide.

Answer: COVAX (COVID-19 Vaccines Global Access)

 

47. Identify the Middle Eastern country where the United States and its allies withdrew troops, leading to concerns about stability.

Answer: Afghanistan

 

48. Which Southeast Asian country faced severe flooding in 2020, affecting millions and raising concerns about climate change impacts?

Answer: Vietnam

 

49. Name the international agreement aimed at preventing the spread of nuclear weapons and promoting peaceful uses of nuclear energy.

Answer: Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT)

 

50. Identify the Latin American country where ongoing protests in 2021 highlighted issues of inequality, governance, and police brutality.

Answer: Colombia

 

51. Which country recently announced its intention to withdraw from the Open Skies Treaty, citing national security concerns?

Answer: United States

 

52. Identify the African nation where the Great Ethiopian Renaissance Dam has been a source of ongoing diplomatic tensions.

Answer: Egypt

 

53. Name the European country that faced a political crisis in 2020 due to the resignation of Prime Minister Giuseppe Conte.

Answer: Italy

 

54. Which Southeast Asian country recently experienced mass protests against a military coup, resulting in a pro-democracy movement?

Answer: Myanmar

 

55. Identify the Latin American country where widespread protests erupted in 2019, triggered by economic inequality and dissatisfaction with the government.

Answer: Chile

 

56. Name the international organization that aims to promote economic cooperation and development among its member countries, with its headquarters in Paris.

Answer: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)

 

57. Identify the Middle Eastern country that hosted the historic Abraham Accords signing ceremony at the White House in 2020.

Answer: United Arab Emirates (UAE)

 

58. Which global organization is responsible for coordinating efforts to combat the spread of infectious diseases, including the response to pandemics?

Answer: World Health Organization (WHO)

 

59. Name the African country where a disputed presidential election in 2020 led to protests and allegations of electoral fraud.

Answer: Ivory Coast (Côte d'Ivoire)

 

60. Identify the European city where the headquarters of the European Central Bank (ECB) is located.

Answer: Frankfurt, Germany

 

61. Which Asian country recently faced international scrutiny for its national security law affecting Hong Kong's autonomy?

Answer: China

 

62. Identify the Caribbean island nation where a devastating earthquake struck in August 2021, causing widespread destruction.

Answer: Haiti

 

63. Name the global initiative aimed at ensuring equitable access to COVID-19 vaccines, treatments, and diagnostics worldwide.

Answer: Access to COVID-19 Tools Accelerator (ACT-Accelerator)

 

64. Identify the Eastern European country where mass protests erupted in 2020 against the government's stance on abortion rights.

Answer: Poland

 

65. Which Middle Eastern country recently signed normalization agreements with Israel, known as the Abraham Accords, in 2020?

Answer: Bahrain

 

66. Name the African organization that promotes economic integration and development on the continent.

Answer: African Union (AU)

 

67. Identify the Southeast Asian country where the military seized power in a coup in February 2021, leading to widespread protests.

Answer: Myanmar

 

68. Which European country faced political turmoil following the poisoning and imprisonment of opposition leader Alexei Navalny?

Answer: Russia

 

69. Name the Latin American country where the Pan-American Highway, one of the longest road networks globally, passes through.

Answer: Peru

 

70. Identify the global organization that provides financial and technical assistance to developing countries for development projects.

Answer: World Bank

 

71. Which African country recently launched the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA), creating one of the world's largest free-trade zones?

Answer: Ghana

 

72. Identify the European country where mass protests erupted in 2020 after the government's decision to restrict abortion rights.

Answer: Poland

 

73. Name the Middle Eastern country where the United States and its allies withdrew troops, leading to concerns about stability and security.

Answer: Afghanistan

 

74. Which Latin American country recently held a presidential election, resulting in the victory of Luis Arce from the Movement for Socialism party?

Answer: Bolivia

 

75. Identify the Southeast Asian country where ongoing protests have called for political reforms and the resignation of Prime Minister Prayuth Chan-o-cha.

Answer: Thailand

 

76. Name the international organization that oversees the global distribution of COVID-19 vaccines through the COVAX initiative.

Answer: Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance

 

77. Identify the South American country where wildfires have been a significant environmental concern, affecting the Amazon rainforest.

Answer: Brazil

 

78. Which global organization focuses on nuclear disarmament and preventing the spread of nuclear weapons, receiving the Nobel Peace Prize in 2017?

Answer: International Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons (ICAN)

 

79. Name the Caribbean nation where a volcanic eruption occurred in 2021, prompting evacuations and affecting neighboring islands.

Answer: Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

 

80. Identify the Asian country where the military overthrew the civilian government in a coup, resulting in widespread protests and international condemnation.

Answer: Myanmar

 

81. Which European country recently faced political protests over issues of corruption and the rule of law, particularly involving Prime Minister Andrej Babiš?

Answer: Czech Republic

 

82. Identify the Southeast Asian country where prolonged anti-government protests occurred in 2020, demanding democratic reforms.

Answer: Hong Kong (Special Administrative Region of China)

 

83. Name the African nation where the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam has been a source of tension, particularly regarding water sharing with downstream countries.

Answer: Ethiopia

 

84. Which South American country recently experienced a contested presidential election, leading to post-election protests and violence?

Answer: Peru

 

85. Identify the Middle Eastern country where the United States brokered the Abraham Accords, normalizing relations with Israel.

Answer: United Arab Emirates (UAE)

 

86. Name the global initiative aimed at accelerating the development and distribution of diagnostics, treatments, and vaccines for COVID-19.

Answer: ACT-Accelerator (Access to COVID-19 Tools Accelerator)

 

87. Identify the Asian country where the Three Gorges Dam, one of the world's largest hydropower projects, is located.

Answer: China

 

88. Which European country recently faced political protests following the arrest of opposition leader Alexei Navalny, drawing international attention?

Answer: Russia

 

89. Name the international organization that focuses on providing food assistance and fighting hunger globally.

Answer: World Food Programme (WFP)

 

90. Identify the Latin American country where widespread protests occurred in 2019, fueled by issues of inequality, corruption, and social injustice.

Answer: Chile

 

91. Which African country recently completed the construction of the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam, leading to disputes over the Nile River's water resources?

Answer: Ethiopia

 

92. Identify the Asian country where the ongoing conflict in Nagorno-Karabakh resulted in a ceasefire agreement brokered by Russia.

Answer: Azerbaijan

 

93. Name the European country where a new strain of the coronavirus was initially identified, leading to travel restrictions and concerns worldwide.

Answer: United Kingdom

 

94. Which Middle Eastern country recently signed normalization agreements with Israel, known as the Abraham Accords, following the UAE and Bahrain?

Answer: Morocco

 

95. Identify the South American country where large-scale deforestation of the Amazon rainforest has raised global environmental concerns.

Answer: Brazil

 

96. Name the international organization that coordinates efforts to combat maritime piracy off the coast of Somalia.

Answer: Combined Maritime Forces (CMF)

 

97. Identify the Southeast Asian country where the military took control in a coup in 2021, resulting in widespread protests and international condemnation.

Answer: Myanmar

 

98. Which Caribbean nation recently faced a constitutional crisis following a disputed presidential election and allegations of fraud?

Answer: Haiti

 

99. Name the global initiative aimed at promoting sustainable development through the financing of infrastructure projects, particularly in developing countries.

Answer: Belt and Road Initiative (BRI)

 

100. Identify the European country where a significant portion of the population protested against COVID-19 lockdown measures and vaccination efforts in 2021.

Answer: Germany

 

भारत के करेंट अफेयर्स - प्रश्न उत्तर सहित

 भारत के करेंट अफेयर्स 100 प्रश्न उत्तर सहित

  1. भारत के वर्तमान प्रधानमंत्री :- नरेंद्र मोदी

 2. भारत की राजधानी :- नई दिल्ली

 3. 100% कोविड-19 टीकाकरण प्राप्त करने वाला राज्य :- गोवा

 4. टेस्ट क्रिकेट में सबसे ज्यादा रन बनाने वाले खिलाड़ी :- विराट कोहली

 5. 2023 भारतीय अंतर्राष्ट्रीय फिल्म महोत्सव (आईएफएफआई) का मेजबान शहर: - पणजी, गोवा

 6. सार्वभौमिक कवरेज के लिए स्वास्थ्य सेवा योजना:-आयुष्मान भारत

 7. “पाँच नदियों की भूमि” के नाम से जाना जाने वाला राज्य :-” पंजाब

 8. भारत की मुद्रा :- भारतीय रुपया (INR)

 9. मुंबई-अहमदाबाद बुनियादी ढांचा परियोजना: - मुंबई-अहमदाबाद हाई-स्पीड रेल (बुलेट ट्रेन)

 10. टोक्यो ओलंपिक में रजत पदक जीतने वाली भारतीय भारोत्तोलक :- मीराबाई चानू

 


Current affairs india 100 question with answers

 

Current affairs india 100 question with answers

 

1. Current Prime Minister of India    : - Narendra Modi

2. Capital city of India    : - New Delhi

3. State achieving 100% COVID-19 vaccination    : - Goa

4. Highest run-scorer in Test cricket    : - Virat Kohli

5. Host city of the 2023 International Film Festival of India (IFFI)    : - Panaji, Goa

6. Healthcare scheme for universal coverage    : - Ayushman Bharat

7. State known as the “Land of Five Rivers    : -” Punjab

8. Currency of India    : - Indian Rupee (INR)

9. Mumbai-Ahmedabad infrastructure project    : - Mumbai-Ahmedabad High-Speed Rail (Bullet Train)

10. Indian weightlifter winning silver in Tokyo Olympics    : - Mirabai Chanu

11. GST rate in India    : - 18%

12. State declaring a “climate emergency”    : - Tamil Nadu

13. Chief Justice of India    : - N.V. Ramana

14. Indian film winning Best International Feature Film at the Oscars    : - “The Disciple”

15. Initiative for digitizing land records    : - Digital India Land Records Modernization Programme (DILRMP)

16. Lifeline river of Varanasi    : - Ganges

17. Indian physicist winning Nobel Prize in Physics    : - Alain Aspect

18. State hosting Hornbill Festival    : - Nagaland

19. Indian company reaching $3 trillion market cap    : - Reliance Industries

20. State implementing “One Nation One Ration Card” scheme    : - Haryana

21. City topping Mercer Quality of Living Rankings 2023 in India    : - Hyderabad

22. Indian Nobel Prize in Literature winner    : - Abdulrazak Gurnah

23. Initiative for promoting digital payments and financial inclusion    : - Digital India

24. State with its first electric vehicle (EV) policy    : - Maharashtra

25. Indian space agency launching the Aditya-L1 mission    : - ISRO (Indian Space Research Organisation)

26. State declaring a "state butterfly"    : - Uttarakhand

27. Indian sprinter breaking the national record in the women's 100m at Tokyo Olympics    : - Dutee Chand

28. Name of the border standoff between India and China    : - Doklam Standoff

29. State known as the "Spice Garden of India    : -" Kerala

30. Digital payment platform by NPCI    : - Unified Payments Interface (UPI)

31. State implementing "Dial 112" emergency response system    : - Himachal Pradesh

32. Bharat Ratna awardee in 2022    : - Lata Mangeshkar

33. Initiative for promoting skill development    : - Skill India

34. State announcing a "Two-Child Policy"    : - Uttar Pradesh

35. Gold medalist in athletics at the Paralympics    : - Avani Lekhara

36. High-speed rail corridor project connecting Mumbai and Ahmedabad    : - Mumbai-Ahmedabad High-Speed Rail (Bullet Train)

37. City hosting the 2023 World Chess Championship    : - Chennai

38. Best Actress at the 2023 Filmfare Awards    : - Alia Bhatt

39. Target year for India's commitment to the Paris Agreement    : - 2030

40. Initiative for children who lost parents to COVID-19    : - PM CARES for Children

41. State launching "Mukhyamantri Anusuchit Jati Evam Janjati Coaching Yojana"    : - Rajasthan

42. Indian woman winning a silver medal in badminton at the 2020 Tokyo Olympics    : - P.V. Sindhu

43. Name of the indigenous COVID-19 vaccine with WHO approval    : - Covaxin

44. City hosting the 2023 BRICS Summit    : - Mumbai

45. First Indian woman to win a gold medal in Paralympic athletics    : - Bhavina Patel

46. Name of ISRO's mission to study Venus    : - Shukrayaan

47. Indian author winning the Booker Prize for Fiction in 2022    : - Aravind Adiga

48. State declaring Gangetic River Dolphin as its state aquatic animal    : - Bihar

49. Current Finance Minister of India    : - Nirmala Sitharaman

50. Initiative for tap water connections in rural households    : - Jal Jeevan Mission

51. State launching "Bal Shramik Vidya Yojana"    : - Madhya Pradesh

52. Indian classical musician receiving Bharat Ratna in 2022    : - L. Subramaniam

53. Initiative for promoting startup ecosystem    : - Startup India

54. State announcing "Two-Child Policy"    : - Assam

55. Goldman Environmental Prize winner in 2023    : - Ramesh Agrawal

56. Current status of India's membership in UNSC    : - Non-permanent member for the 2021-2022 term

57. First female flight commander in the Indian Air Force    : - Flight Lieutenant Bhawana Kanth

58. Indian film winning Best Foreign Language Film at the 2022 Oscars    : - "The Man Who Sold His Skin"

59. Railway station awarded Platinum rating by IGBC    : - Gandhinagar Railway Station, Gujarat

60. City hosting the 2023 Indian Science Congress    : - Pune

61. State launching "Mukhyamantri Chiranjeevi Yojana" for health insurance    : - Uttar Pradesh

62. Indian woman winning a silver medal in badminton at the 2020 Tokyo Olympics    : - P.V. Sindhu

63. Initiative for providing tap water connections to every rural household    : - Jal Jeevan Mission

64. Indian chess player becoming the 20th World Chess Champion    : - Viswanathan Anand

65. State declaring the Gangetic River Dolphin as its state aquatic animal    : - Bihar

66. Initiative to connect major river systems in India for water management    : - National River Linking Project (NRLP)

67. Indian astronaut training for Gaganyaan mission in Russia    : - Wing Commander Rakesh Sharma

68. City launching a bicycle-sharing system for sustainable urban mobility    : - Bhopal

69. Platform launched for unified digital interface for farmers    : - Kisan Sarathi

70. Indian para-athlete setting a new world record in the women's discus throw at Tokyo Paralympics    : - Bhagyashri Jadhav

71. State launching "Mukhyamantri Anusuchit Jati Evam Janjati Coaching Yojana"    : - Rajasthan

72. Indian Nobel Prize in Literature winner    : - Abdulrazak Gurnah

73. Initiative for promoting digital payments and financial inclusion    : - Digital India

74. State with its first electric vehicle (EV) policy    : - Maharashtra

75. Indian space agency launching the Aditya-L1 mission    : - ISRO (Indian Space Research Organisation)

76. State declaring a "state butterfly"    : - Uttarakhand

77. Indian sprinter breaking the national record in the women's 100m at Tokyo Olympics    : - Dutee Chand

78. Name of the border standoff between India and China    : - Doklam Standoff

79. State known as the "Spice Garden of India    : -" Kerala

80. Digital payment platform by NPCI    : - Unified Payments Interface (UPI)

81. State implementing "Dial 112" emergency response system    : - Himachal Pradesh

82. Bharat Ratna awardee in 2022    : - Lata Mangeshkar

83. Initiative for promoting skill development    : - Skill India

84. State announcing a "Two-Child Policy"    : - Uttar Pradesh

85. Gold medalist in athletics at the Paralympics    : - Avani Lekhara

86. High-speed rail corridor project connecting Mumbai and Ahmedabad    : - Mumbai-Ahmedabad High-Speed Rail (Bullet Train)

87. City hosting the 2023 World Chess Championship    : - Chennai

88. Best Actress at the 2023 Filmfare Awards    : - Alia Bhatt

89. Target year for India's commitment to the Paris Agreement    : - 2030

90. Initiative for children who lost parents to COVID-19    : - PM CARES for Children

91. State launching "Mukhyamantri Anusuchit Jati Evam Janjati Coaching Yojana"    : - Rajasthan

92. Indian woman winning a silver medal in badminton at the 2020 Tokyo Olympics    : - P.V. Sindhu

93. Name of the indigenous COVID-19 vaccine with WHO approval    : - Covaxin

94. City hosting the 2023 BRICS Summit    : - Mumbai

95. First Indian woman to win a gold medal in Paralympic athletics    : - Bhavina Patel

96. Name of ISRO's mission to study Venus    : - Shukrayaan

97. Indian author winning the Booker Prize for Fiction in 2022    : - Aravind Adiga

98. State declaring Gangetic River Dolphin as its state aquatic animal    : - Bihar

99. Current Finance Minister of India    : - Nirmala Sitharaman

100. Initiative for tap water connections in rural households    : - Jal Jeevan Mission

 

Tuesday, 10 April 2018

Himachal Pradesh

            History of Himachal Pradesh

                   
Capital : Shimla

Districts :12

Languages: Hindi, English, Pahari

Himachal Pradesh has a rich history that has laid a strong foundation for the state it is now. The origin of Himachal Pradesh goes back to the era of the first ever human settlement that took place in India – Indus Valley Civilization.

The flourishing civilization affected the foothills of the Himalayas, the place where present day Himachal Pradesh is located. According to evidences studied by historians, it is clear that the influence of the Aryans in this region dates back to the time period preceding the Rig-Veda. The history of Himachal Pradesh is reflective of the accumulation of the varied culture that evolved as well as flourished here. This was the ‘Deva Bhoomi’ – land of Gods, since earlier times. There are evidences that confirm the existence of pre historic humans in this region. Himachal Pradesh has also find its place in Epics like Mahabharata and Ramayana too. Various legends and mythological depiction also have appraised this state with varied names

Pre independence

Himachal Pradesh came under British control in the middle of the 19th century. The British annexed Kangra District, which includes present-day Kangra, Kullu, Hamirpur, and Lahul and Spiti districts, in 1846 at the conclusion of the First Anglo-Sikh War. The remainder of Himachal Pradesh was made up of a number of princely states. Under the British Raj, Kangra District was part of the British province of Punjab, and the princely states, then known as the Simla Hill States, were under the authority of Punjab until the early 1930’s, when the Punjab States Agency was created, under the direct authority of the Governor-General of India. The Punjab Hill States Agency, which included most of the princely states in present-day Himachal Pradesh, was separated from Punjab States Agency in 1936. Shimla became the summer capital of India and even today, many old houses and buildings tell the story of English grandeur.

Post independence

The beautiful mountain state of Himachal Pradesh (HP) was originally formed as a centrally administered territory on April 15, 1948 by the integration of 30 odd Punjab hill provinces. In 1951, it became a Part C State under a Lieutenant Governor

In 1954, Bilaspur, another Part C State, was merged with HP.

On November 1, 1966 Punjab Hill areas were merged into Himachal as part of reorganization of Punjab. Himachal Pradesh became a full fledged state of the Republic of India on January 25, 1971.

Till October 1966, HP consisted of only six hill districts Mahasu, Mandi, Chamba, Sirmaur, Bilaspur and Kinnaur. In November 1966, it was reorganized and enlarged into ten districts with the inclusion of some of the hilly areas of Punjab Shimla, Kangra, Kullu, Lahaul, Spiti, Nalagarh tehsil of Ambala district and areas of Hoshiarpur and Gurdaspur districts.

In 1972-73, the state was re-organized into 12 districts Bilaspur, Chamba, Hamirpur, Kangra, Kinnaur, Kulu, Lahaul & Spiti, Mandi, Shimla, Sirmaur, Solan and Una.

Every village in the state has electricity and drinking water. A large cross section of youth from Himachal serve the Indian armed forces mainly in the army and have played significant role in the National defense, Kargil war being the latest example.

Himachal has now emerged as the power house of India when it comes to hydro-electricity. The state has many dams that harness the hilly rivers to generate electric power.

The art and crafts of the region as well as the famous music and dance practiced in the state are not free from foreign effects. The Rajputs who lived on the land, have gifted Himachal Pradesh with their colorful culture that is reflective in the various festivals that when celebrated in Himachal spreads floods of colors on the white landscape of Himalayas.

Geography of Himachal Pradesh

Uttaranchal on the southeast, Punjab on the west, China on the east, Haryana on the southwest, and Jammu and Kashmir on North of Himachal Pradesh. It extends from the latitudes 30�22’40” North to 33�12’40” North and longitudes 75�45' 55" East to 79�04' 20" East. The entire region of Himachal Pradesh is hilly with the altitude ranging from 350 meters to 7000 meters above sea level. The altitude increases from west to east and from south to north. Geographically, Himachal Pradesh can be divided into three distinct regions, the Shivalik or outer Himalayas, middle Himalayas or inner Himalayas, and greater Himalayas or the alpine zone.

Brief History of Himachal Pradesh

Himachal Pradesh region was called 'Deva Bhoomi'. In early period, tribes like the Koilis, Halis, Dagis, Dhaugris, Dasa, Khasas, Kinnars and Kirats inhabited it. The Aryan influence in this area of India dates to the period before the Rigveda. Sankar Varma, the king of Kashmir exercised his influence over regions of Himachal Pradesh in about 883 AD. This region witnessed the invasion of Mahmud of Ghazni in 1009 AD, who during that period invaded and looted the wealth from the temples in the North of India. In about 1043 AD the Rajputs ruled over this territory. Known for its vibrant and exquisite natural scenery it received the royal patronage of the Mughal rulers who erected several works of art as an appreciation of this land. In 1773 AD the Rajputs under Sansar Chand possessed this region, till the attack by Maharaja Ranjit Singh in 1804 which crushed the Rajput power here. The Gurkhas who migrated from Nepal captured this area and devastated it. In the early 19th century the British exercised their influence and annexed the areas of Shimla after the Gurkha War of 1815-16. It became a centrally administered territory in 1948 with the integration of 31 hill states and received additional regions added to it in 1966.

Districts of Himachal Pradesh

Himachal Pradesh has 12 districts: Bilaspur, Chamba, Hamirpur, Kangra, Kinnaur, Kullu, Lahaul-Spiti, Mandi, Shimla, Sirmaur, Solan and Una.

Economy of Himachal Pradesh

The economy of Himachal Pradesh is mainly dependent on tourism and apples. The state also has some natural minerals. It has two large cement factories, which not only caters to the people of Himachal but also sell their output to other states. Another major part of the Himachal economy is hydro electricity due to the abundance of perennial rivers. In spite of considerable challenge, the state has good connectivity through road, rail and air. Besides having the highest road density among all the hill states of India, it also has three airports and two narrow gauge rail tracks. The rapid developments in infrastructure by government and promotion of modern techniques of cultivation among the farmers, suitable agricultural machinery and good breeds of cattle, sheep and poultry made Himachal as one of the classic examples of rapid transformation from the most backward part of the country to one of its most advanced states. Himachal, now ranks fourth in respect of per capita income among the states of the Indian Union.
Himachal Pradesh Travel Information

Himachal Pradesh is the land of eternal snow peaks abounds in exotic valleys, glorious green hill-slopes, mountains, streams and the hills of Himalayas welcome the tourists from all over the world. Himachal Pradesh is full of hill resorts, pilgrimages, adventure sports destinations, and wildlife that attracts a wide range of tourist traffic. Today, Himachal Pradesh is one of the most important tourist destinations in India. It also has excellent trekking. Main tourist complexes are Shimla, Palampur, Dharamsala, Kulu-Manali, Chamba-Dalhousie. Temple at Bhima Kali, Sarahan, Hatkoti, Jwalajee, Chamunda Devi, Chintpurni, Renuka and Rewalsar, Deoth Siddh and Naina Devi are major attractions for pilgrims. Tourist complexes are also being set up at Keylong, Kaza, Sangla, Shoja, Kalpa, Khadrala, Kharapathar, Chindi, Bharmour, Chansal and Naggar castle. Hang-gliding competitions are held in Kangra valley. Solang Nallah slopes are getting popular for winter sports. There is an art gallery in Naggar and museums in Chamba, Shimla and Dharamasala. The beautiful tourist resort of Khajjair in Chamba district has been christened as the Switzerland of Himachal Pradesh.

Rivers of Himachal Pradesh

The major river systems of the region are the Chenab, the Ravi, the Beas, the Sutlej and the Yamuna. These perennial rivers are fed by snow and rainfall and are protected by a fairly extensive cover of natural vegetation.

Education of Himachal Pradesh

Himachal Pradesh was the summer capital during British Raj. Hence the standard of education in the state has reached to a considerable level. The state has many educational institutes for higher studies. H.P. University and National Institute of Technology are pioneer institutes of the state. There are many other Universities - Chaudhary Sarwan Kumar Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Palampur; Dr. Y.S. Parmar University of Horticulture & Forestry, Nauni; Jaypee University of Information Technology, Solan and National Institute of Technology, Hamirpur. The overall literacy rate, according to census in 2001, is 77.13% with male literacy rate at 86.02% and female literacy rate at 68.08%.


 Food of Himachal Pradesh
There are not many specific varieties that one can get in Himachal Pradesh. A long-time relationship with Punjab and large-scale migration of Tibetans ensured the impact of the Tibetan and Punjabi cuisine on Himachal. Some of the unique Himachali cuisines include Nasasta (a sweetmeat) in the Kangra region; Indra (made of Urad dal), Baadi / Ghaunda, and Bada/Poldu in the Shimla region; apart from favorites all over the state like Pateer, Chouck, Bhagjery and chutneys of Til. Non-vegetarian food is quite popular too in Himachal Pradesh.

Arts & Culture of Himachal Pradesh

Himachal dance forms are varied and some are quite complicated. These dances are an inseparable part of tribal life, which reflects the great perseverance and good humour of the human beings in the face of poverty and death. No festivity here is completed without dancing. The dance forms like Dulshol, Dharveshi, Drodi, Dev Naritya, Rakshas Nritya, Dangi, Lasa, Nati and Nagas are danced all over the state and provide a welcome break in the monotony of life.

The Himachalis in general have a highly developed sense of art, which is expressed in their objects of daily use. Their metal ware including attractive utensils, ritualistic vessels, idols and silver jewellery; the unglazed earthenware of Kangra; embroidered shawls and other garments which portray both classical and simple folk styles and designs; and traditional jewellery for almost all conceivable uses, are some of their popular crafts. Weaving of wool is a major cottage industry in itself.

Music & Dance of Himachal Pradesh

Most of the songs require no instrumental accompaniment. The themes are usually common ones like human love and separation of lovers. Some songs are about rituals. Chhinj, Laman, Jhoori, Gangi, Mohana and Tappe are love songs. Dholru is a seasonal song. Bare-Haren are ballads about warriors, Soohadiyan are songs sung at Childbirth. Losi and Pakkahad and Suhaag songs are all family songs, Karak are songs of praise in honour of the deities and Alhaini is a song of mourning. All these songs follow a specific style of singing and the geographical facts have a deep effect on these.

Costumes of Himachal Pradesh

The highlanders of Lahaul-Spiti and Kinnaur weave dresses from it for special occasions such as festivals and weddings. The wool products are made in either the Byangi wool. Sari is the most common garment that Himachali women wear. Traditional dresses like Kameez, Kurta, and Salwar in distinctive Himachali style are still popular. Women like to put on a coat or waistcoat during chilly winter.
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